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-\chapter{Introduction}
-%\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{Introduction}
-%\chaptermark{Introduction}
-
-\section{What you need to know}
-
-The reader of this document is required to have some knowledge in the
-area of digital video broadcasting (DVB) and should be familiar with
-part I of the MPEG2 specification ISO/IEC 13818 (aka ITU-T H.222),
-i.e you should know what a program/transport stream (PS/TS) is and what is
-meant by a packetized elementary stream (PES) or an I-frame.
-
-Various DVB standards documents are available from
-\texttt{http://www.dvb.org/} and/or \texttt{http://www.etsi.org/}.
-
-It is also necessary to know how to access unix/linux devices and how
-to use ioctl calls. This also includes the knowledge of C or C++.
-
-\section{History}
-
-The first API for DVB cards we used at Convergence in late 1999
-was an extension of the Video4Linux API which was primarily 
-developed for frame grabber cards.
-As such it was not really well suited to be used for DVB cards and 
-their new features like recording MPEG streams and filtering several 
-section and PES data streams at the same time.
-
-In early 2000, we were approached by Nokia with a proposal for a new
-standard Linux DVB API.
-As a commitment to the development of terminals based on open standards, 
-Nokia and Convergence made it available to all Linux developers and
-published it on \texttt{http://www.linuxtv.org/} in September 2000.
-Convergence is the maintainer of the Linux DVB API.
-Together with the LinuxTV community (i.e. you, the reader of this document), 
-the Linux DVB API will be constantly reviewed and improved. 
-With the Linux driver for the Siemens/Hauppauge DVB PCI card Convergence 
-provides a first implementation of the Linux DVB API.
-
-
-\newpage
-\section{Overview}
-
-\begin{figure}[htbp]
-  \begin{center}
-    \includegraphics{dvbstb.ps}
-    \caption{Components of a DVB card/STB}
-    \label{fig:dvbstb}
-  \end{center}
-\end{figure}
-
-
-A DVB PCI card or DVB set-top-box (STB) usually consists of the following
-main hardware components:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Frontend consisting of tuner and DVB demodulator
-
-Here the raw signal reaches the DVB hardware from a satellite dish or antenna
-or directly from cable. The frontend down-converts and demodulates
-this signal into an MPEG transport stream (TS). In case of a satellite
-frontend, this includes a facility for satellite equipment control (SEC),
-which allows control of LNB polarization, multi feed switches or
-dish rotors.
-
-\item Conditional Access (CA) hardware like CI adapters and smartcard slots
-
-The complete TS is passed through the CA hardware. Programs to which 
-the user has access (controlled by the smart card) are decoded in real
-time and re-inserted into the TS. 
-
-\item Demultiplexer which filters the incoming DVB stream
-
-The demultiplexer splits the TS into its components like audio and video 
-streams. Besides usually several of such audio and video streams it also 
-contains data streams with information about the programs offered in this
-or other streams of the same provider.
-
-\item MPEG2 audio and video decoder 
-
-The main targets of the demultiplexer are the MPEG2 audio and video 
-decoders. After decoding they pass on the uncompressed audio 
-and video to the computer screen or (through a PAL/NTSC encoder) to 
-a TV set.
-\end{itemize}
-
-Figure \ref{fig:dvbstb} shows a crude schematic of the control and data flow 
-between those components.
-
-On a DVB PCI card not all of these have to be present since some 
-functionality can be provided by the main CPU of the PC (e.g. MPEG picture
-and sound decoding) or is not needed (e.g. for data-only uses like 
-``internet over satellite'').
-Also not every card or STB provides conditional access hardware.
-
-\section{Linux DVB Devices}
-
-The Linux DVB API lets you control these hardware components 
-through currently six Unix-style character devices for 
-video, audio, frontend, demux, CA and IP-over-DVB networking. 
-The video and audio devices control the MPEG2 decoder hardware,
-the frontend device the tuner and the DVB demodulator.
-The demux device gives you control over the PES and section filters 
-of the hardware. If the hardware does not support filtering these filters 
-can be implemented in software.
-Finally, the CA device controls all the conditional access capabilities 
-of the hardware. It can depend on the individual security requirements 
-of the platform, if and how many of the CA functions are made available 
-to the application through this device.
-
-\smallskip
-All devices can be found in the \texttt{/dev} tree under 
-\texttt{/dev/dvb}.  The individual devices are called 
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \texttt{/dev/dvb/adapterN/audioM},
-\item \texttt{/dev/dvb/adapterN/videoM},
-\item \texttt{/dev/dvb/adapterN/frontendM},
-\item \texttt{/dev/dvb/adapterN/netM},
-\item \texttt{/dev/dvb/adapterN/demuxM},
-\item \texttt{/dev/dvb/adapterN/caM},
-\end{itemize}
-where N enumerates the DVB PCI cards in a system starting from~0,
-and M enumerates the devices of each type within each adapter, starting
-from~0, too.
-We will omit the ``\texttt{/dev/dvb/adapterN/}'' in the further dicussion of 
-these devices.  The naming scheme for the devices is the same wheter devfs
-is used or not.
-
-More details about the data structures and function calls of 
-all the devices are described in the following chapters.
-
-\section{API include files}
-
-For each of the DVB devices a corresponding include file
-exists. The DVB API include files should be included
-in application sources with a partial path like:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
-#include <linux/dvb/frontend.h>
-\end{verbatim}
-
-To enable applications to support different API version, an additional
-include file \texttt{linux/dvb/version.h} exists, which defines the
-constant \texttt{DVB\_API\_VERSION}. This document describes
-\texttt{DVB\_API\_VERSION~3}.
-
-%%% Local Variables: 
-%%% mode: latex
-%%% TeX-master: "dvbapi"
-%%% End: