Using cString::sprintf() instead of asprintf()

20 files changed, 131 insertions, 189 deletions

diff --git a/CONTRIBUTORS b/CONTRIBUTORS
index 85a19330..a9f9f5c0 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -1689,6 +1689,8 @@ Wolfgang Rohdewald <wolfgang@rohdewald.de>
  for removing an unnecessary #include from osd.c
  for reporting a problem with with numerical input to switch channels if Up, Down,
  Channel+ or Channel- is pressed
+ for pointing out a possible problem with asprintf() if the return value is not
+ checked
 
 Chad Flynt <hoochster@sofnet.com>
  for suggestions and experiments regarding the buffer reserve in cTransfer
diff --git a/HISTORY b/HISTORY
index c6889849..ebdc2e4d 100644
--- a/HISTORY
+++ b/HISTORY
@@ -5616,3 +5616,7 @@ Video Disk Recorder Revision History
 - Limiting the length of the recording name in timers created via SVDRP in case VDR
   is run with --vfat, in order to avoid names that are too long for Windows
   (suggested by Rolf Ahrenberg).
+- Using cString::sprintf() instead of asprintf() (thanks to Wolfgang Rohdewald
+  for pointing out a possible problem if the return value is not checked).
+  Plugin authors may want to consider doing the same. For convenience there is now
+  an additional version of cString::sprintf() that accepts a va_list parameter.
diff --git a/PLUGINS/src/skincurses/HISTORY b/PLUGINS/src/skincurses/HISTORY
index e5bfa49d..2a037012 100644
--- a/PLUGINS/src/skincurses/HISTORY
+++ b/PLUGINS/src/skincurses/HISTORY
@@ -65,3 +65,7 @@ VDR Plugin 'skincurses' Revision History
 2008-01-19:
 
 - Updated the Makefile of the skincurses plugin (thanks to Rolf Ahrenberg).
+
+2008-02-15:
+
+- Using cString::sprintf() instead of asprintf().
diff --git a/PLUGINS/src/skincurses/skincurses.c b/PLUGINS/src/skincurses/skincurses.c
index b9a4fc06..da868e7d 100644
--- a/PLUGINS/src/skincurses/skincurses.c
+++ b/PLUGINS/src/skincurses/skincurses.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * See the README file for copyright information and how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: skincurses.c 1.18 2007/08/26 20:16:59 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: skincurses.c 1.19 2008/02/15 14:52:03 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include <ncurses.h>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include <vdr/plugin.h>
 #include <vdr/skins.h>
 
-static const char *VERSION        = "0.1.4";
+static const char *VERSION        = "0.1.5";
 static const char *DESCRIPTION    = trNOOP("A text only skin");
 static const char *MAINMENUENTRY  = NULL;
 
@@ -384,10 +384,8 @@ void cSkinCursesDisplayMenu::SetEvent(const cEvent *Event)
   snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%s  %s - %s", *Event->GetDateString(), *Event->GetTimeString(), *Event->GetEndTimeString());
   ts.Set(osd, 0, y, ScOsdWidth, ScOsdHeight - y - 2, t, &Font, clrYellow, clrBackground);
   if (Event->Vps() && Event->Vps() != Event->StartTime()) {
-     char *buffer;
-     asprintf(&buffer, " VPS: %s", *Event->GetVpsString());
+     cString buffer = cString::sprintf(" VPS: %s", *Event->GetVpsString());
      osd->DrawText(ScOsdWidth - Utf8StrLen(buffer), y, buffer, clrBlack, clrYellow, &Font);
-     free(buffer);
      }
   y += ts.Height();
   y += 1;
diff --git a/channels.c b/channels.c
index 4fef3e1f..9730a436 100644
--- a/channels.c
+++ b/channels.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: channels.c 1.58 2008/02/10 14:11:47 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: channels.c 1.59 2008/02/10 15:45:38 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "channels.h"
@@ -658,12 +658,12 @@ cString cChannel::ToText(const cChannel *Channel)
      q += sprintf(q, ";%s", Channel->provider);
   *q = 0;
   strreplace(FullName, ':', '|');
-  char *buffer;
+  cString buffer;
   if (Channel->groupSep) {
      if (Channel->number)
-        asprintf(&buffer, ":@%d %s\n", Channel->number, FullName);
+        buffer = cString::sprintf(":@%d %s\n", Channel->number, FullName);
      else
-        asprintf(&buffer, ":%s\n", FullName);
+        buffer = cString::sprintf(":%s\n", FullName);
      }
   else {
      char vpidbuf[32];
@@ -685,9 +685,9 @@ cString cChannel::ToText(const cChannel *Channel)
      q = caidbuf;
      q += IntArrayToString(q, Channel->caids, 16);
      *q = 0;
-     asprintf(&buffer, "%s:%d:%s:%s:%d:%s:%s:%d:%s:%d:%d:%d:%d\n", FullName, Channel->frequency, *Channel->ParametersToString(), *cSource::ToString(Channel->source), Channel->srate, vpidbuf, apidbuf, Channel->tpid, caidbuf, Channel->sid, Channel->nid, Channel->tid, Channel->rid);
+     buffer = cString::sprintf("%s:%d:%s:%s:%d:%s:%s:%d:%s:%d:%d:%d:%d\n", FullName, Channel->frequency, *Channel->ParametersToString(), *cSource::ToString(Channel->source), Channel->srate, vpidbuf, apidbuf, Channel->tpid, caidbuf, Channel->sid, Channel->nid, Channel->tid, Channel->rid);
      }
-  return cString(buffer, true);
+  return buffer;
 }
 
 cString cChannel::ToText(void) const
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 1f5eb720..aa72b06c 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: config.c 1.159 2008/02/10 14:10:48 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: config.c 1.160 2008/02/10 15:48:17 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "config.h"
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ const char *cCommand::Execute(const char *Parameters)
 {
   free(result);
   result = NULL;
-  char *cmdbuf = NULL;
+  cString cmdbuf;
   if (Parameters)
-     asprintf(&cmdbuf, "%s %s", command, Parameters);
+     cmdbuf = cString::sprintf("%s %s", command, Parameters);
   const char *cmd = cmdbuf ? cmdbuf : command;
   dsyslog("executing command '%s'", cmd);
   cPipe p;
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ const char *cCommand::Execute(const char *Parameters)
      }
   else
      esyslog("ERROR: can't open pipe for command '%s'", cmd);
-  free(cmdbuf);
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -322,10 +321,7 @@ void cSetup::Store(const char *Name, const char *Value, const char *Plugin, bool
 
 void cSetup::Store(const char *Name, int Value, const char *Plugin)
 {
-  char *buffer = NULL;
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%d", Value);
-  Store(Name, buffer, Plugin);
-  free(buffer);
+  Store(Name, cString::sprintf("%d", Value), Plugin);
 }
 
 bool cSetup::Load(const char *FileName)
diff --git a/interface.c b/interface.c
index efdf7371..6ad3c59f 100644
--- a/interface.c
+++ b/interface.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: interface.c 1.76 2007/08/04 14:39:25 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: interface.c 1.77 2008/02/10 15:49:15 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "interface.h"
@@ -86,10 +86,7 @@ bool cInterface::QueryKeys(cRemote *Remote, cSkinDisplayMenu *DisplayMenu)
      DisplayMenu->SetItem(tr("Phase 2: Learning specific key codes"), 2, false, false);
      eKeys NewKey = kUp;
      while (NewKey != kNone) {
-           char *Prompt;
-           asprintf(&Prompt, tr("Press key for '%s'"), cKey::ToString(NewKey, true));
-           DisplayMenu->SetItem(Prompt, 4, false, false);
-           free(Prompt);
+           DisplayMenu->SetItem(cString::sprintf(tr("Press key for '%s'"), cKey::ToString(NewKey, true)), 4, false, false);
            cRemote::Clear();
            DisplayMenu->Flush();
            for (eKeys k = NewKey; k == NewKey; ) {
diff --git a/menu.c b/menu.c
index 9ec407d3..c00dc667 100644
--- a/menu.c
+++ b/menu.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: menu.c 1.473 2008/02/10 11:40:49 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: menu.c 1.474 2008/02/10 16:02:02 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "menu.h"
@@ -147,12 +147,8 @@ cMenuEditSrcItem::cMenuEditSrcItem(const char *Name, int *Value)
 
 void cMenuEditSrcItem::Set(void)
 {
-  if (source) {
-     char *buffer = NULL;
-     asprintf(&buffer, "%s - %s", *cSource::ToString(source->Code()), source->Description());
-     SetValue(buffer);
-     free(buffer);
-     }
+  if (source)
+     SetValue(cString::sprintf("%s - %s", *cSource::ToString(source->Code()), source->Description()));
   else
      cMenuEditIntItem::Set();
 }
@@ -402,16 +398,16 @@ int cMenuChannelItem::Compare(const cListObject &ListObject) const
 
 void cMenuChannelItem::Set(void)
 {
-  char *buffer = NULL;
+  cString buffer;
   if (!channel->GroupSep()) {
      if (sortMode == csmProvider)
-        asprintf(&buffer, "%d\t%s - %s", channel->Number(), channel->Provider(), channel->Name());
+        buffer = cString::sprintf("%d\t%s - %s", channel->Number(), channel->Provider(), channel->Name());
      else
-        asprintf(&buffer, "%d\t%s", channel->Number(), channel->Name());
+        buffer = cString::sprintf("%d\t%s", channel->Number(), channel->Name());
      }
   else
-     asprintf(&buffer, "---\t%s ----------------------------------------------------------------", channel->Name());
-  SetText(buffer, false);
+     buffer = cString::sprintf("---\t%s ----------------------------------------------------------------", channel->Name());
+  SetText(buffer);
 }
 
 // --- cMenuChannels ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -816,8 +812,7 @@ void cMenuTimerItem::Set(void)
      strftime(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%Y%m%d", &tm_r);
      day = buffer;
      }
-  char *buffer = NULL;
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%c\t%d\t%s%s%s\t%02d:%02d\t%02d:%02d\t%s",
+  SetText(cString::sprintf("%c\t%d\t%s%s%s\t%02d:%02d\t%02d:%02d\t%s",
                     !(timer->HasFlags(tfActive)) ? ' ' : timer->FirstDay() ? '!' : timer->Recording() ? '#' : '>',
                     timer->Channel()->Number(),
                     *name,
@@ -827,8 +822,7 @@ void cMenuTimerItem::Set(void)
                     timer->Start() % 100,
                     timer->Stop() / 100,
                     timer->Stop() % 100,
-                    timer->File());
-  SetText(buffer, false);
+                    timer->File()));
 }
 
 // --- cMenuTimers -----------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1092,19 +1086,19 @@ bool cMenuScheduleItem::Update(bool Force)
   int OldTimerMatch = timerMatch;
   Timers.GetMatch(event, &timerMatch);
   if (Force || timerMatch != OldTimerMatch) {
-     char *buffer = NULL;
+     cString buffer;
      char t = TimerMatchChars[timerMatch];
      char v = event->Vps() && (event->Vps() - event->StartTime()) ? 'V' : ' ';
      char r = event->SeenWithin(30) && event->IsRunning() ? '*' : ' ';
      const char *csn = channel ? channel->ShortName(true) : NULL;
      cString eds = event->GetDateString();
      if (channel && withDate)
-        asprintf(&buffer, "%d\t%.*s\t%.*s\t%s\t%c%c%c\t%s", channel->Number(), Utf8SymChars(csn, 6), csn, Utf8SymChars(eds, 6), *eds, *event->GetTimeString(), t, v, r, event->Title());
+        buffer = cString::sprintf("%d\t%.*s\t%.*s\t%s\t%c%c%c\t%s", channel->Number(), Utf8SymChars(csn, 6), csn, Utf8SymChars(eds, 6), *eds, *event->GetTimeString(), t, v, r, event->Title());
      else if (channel)
-        asprintf(&buffer, "%d\t%.*s\t%s\t%c%c%c\t%s", channel->Number(), Utf8SymChars(csn, 6), csn, *event->GetTimeString(), t, v, r, event->Title());
+        buffer = cString::sprintf("%d\t%.*s\t%s\t%c%c%c\t%s", channel->Number(), Utf8SymChars(csn, 6), csn, *event->GetTimeString(), t, v, r, event->Title());
      else
-        asprintf(&buffer, "%.*s\t%s\t%c%c%c\t%s", Utf8SymChars(eds, 6), *eds, *event->GetTimeString(), t, v, r, event->Title());
-     SetText(buffer, false);
+        buffer = cString::sprintf("%.*s\t%s\t%c%c%c\t%s", Utf8SymChars(eds, 6), *eds, *event->GetTimeString(), t, v, r, event->Title());
+     SetText(buffer);
      result = true;
      }
   return result;
@@ -1325,10 +1319,7 @@ void cMenuSchedule::PrepareScheduleAllThis(const cEvent *Event, const cChannel *
 {
   Clear();
   SetCols(7, 6, 4);
-  char *buffer = NULL;
-  asprintf(&buffer, tr("Schedule - %s"), Channel->Name());
-  SetTitle(buffer);
-  free(buffer);
+  SetTitle(cString::sprintf(tr("Schedule - %s"), Channel->Name()));
   if (schedules && Channel) {
      const cSchedule *Schedule = schedules->GetSchedule(Channel);
      if (Schedule) {
@@ -1346,10 +1337,7 @@ void cMenuSchedule::PrepareScheduleThisThis(const cEvent *Event, const cChannel
 {
   Clear();
   SetCols(7, 6, 4);
-  char *buffer = NULL;
-  asprintf(&buffer, tr("This event - %s"), Channel->Name());
-  SetTitle(buffer);
-  free(buffer);
+  SetTitle(cString::sprintf(tr("This event - %s"), Channel->Name()));
   if (schedules && Channel && Event) {
      const cSchedule *Schedule = schedules->GetSchedule(Channel);
      if (Schedule) {
@@ -1590,17 +1578,11 @@ eOSState cMenuCommands::Execute(void)
 {
   cCommand *command = commands->Get(Current());
   if (command) {
-     char *buffer = NULL;
      bool confirmed = true;
-     if (command->Confirm()) {
-        asprintf(&buffer, "%s?", command->Title());
-        confirmed = Interface->Confirm(buffer);
-        free(buffer);
-        }
+     if (command->Confirm())
+        confirmed = Interface->Confirm(cString::sprintf("%s?", command->Title()));
      if (confirmed) {
-        asprintf(&buffer, "%s...", command->Title());
-        Skins.Message(mtStatus, buffer);
-        free(buffer);
+        Skins.Message(mtStatus, cString::sprintf("%s...", command->Title()));
         const char *Result = command->Execute(parameters);
         Skins.Message(mtStatus, NULL);
         if (Result)
@@ -1916,9 +1898,7 @@ void cMenuRecordingItem::IncrementCounter(bool New)
   totalEntries++;
   if (New)
      newEntries++;
-  char *buffer = NULL;
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%d\t%d\t%s", totalEntries, newEntries, name);
-  SetText(buffer, false);
+  SetText(cString::sprintf("%d\t%d\t%s", totalEntries, newEntries, name));
 }
 
 // --- cMenuRecordings -------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2036,13 +2016,12 @@ bool cMenuRecordings::Open(bool OpenSubMenus)
   cMenuRecordingItem *ri = (cMenuRecordingItem *)Get(Current());
   if (ri && ri->IsDirectory()) {
      const char *t = ri->Name();
-     char *buffer = NULL;
+     cString buffer;
      if (base) {
-        asprintf(&buffer, "%s~%s", base, t);
+        buffer = cString::sprintf("%s~%s", base, t);
         t = buffer;
         }
      AddSubMenu(new cMenuRecordings(t, level + 1, OpenSubMenus));
-     free(buffer);
      return true;
      }
   return false;
@@ -2144,11 +2123,8 @@ eOSState cMenuRecordings::Commands(eKeys Key)
   if (ri && !ri->IsDirectory()) {
      cRecording *recording = GetRecording(ri);
      if (recording) {
-        char *parameter = NULL;
-        asprintf(&parameter, "\"%s\"", *strescape(recording->FileName(), "\"$"));
         cMenuCommands *menu;
-        eOSState state = AddSubMenu(menu = new cMenuCommands(tr("Recording commands"), &RecordingCommands, parameter));
-        free(parameter);
+        eOSState state = AddSubMenu(menu = new cMenuCommands(tr("Recording commands"), &RecordingCommands, cString::sprintf("\"%s\"", *strescape(recording->FileName(), "\"$"))));
         if (Key != kNone)
            state = menu->ProcessKey(Key);
         return state;
@@ -2851,12 +2827,8 @@ cMenuSetupPlugins::cMenuSetupPlugins(void)
   SetHasHotkeys();
   for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
       cPlugin *p = cPluginManager::GetPlugin(i);
-      if (p) {
-         char *buffer = NULL;
-         asprintf(&buffer, "%s (%s) - %s", p->Name(), p->Version(), p->Description());
-         Add(new cMenuSetupPluginItem(hk(buffer), i));
-         free(buffer);
-         }
+      if (p)
+         Add(new cMenuSetupPluginItem(hk(cString::sprintf("%s (%s) - %s", p->Name(), p->Version(), p->Description())), i));
       else
          break;
       }
@@ -3098,10 +3070,8 @@ bool cMenuMain::Update(bool Force)
            }
      const char *s = NULL;
      while ((s = cRecordControls::GetInstantId(s)) != NULL) {
-           char *buffer = NULL;
-           asprintf(&buffer, "%s%s", tr(STOP_RECORDING), s);
            cOsdItem *item = new cOsdItem(osStopRecord);
-           item->SetText(buffer, false);
+           item->SetText(cString::sprintf("%s%s", tr(STOP_RECORDING), s));
            Add(item);
            if (!stopRecordingItem)
               stopRecordingItem = item;
@@ -3792,7 +3762,6 @@ cRecordControl::cRecordControl(cDevice *Device, cTimer *Timer, bool Pause)
   cSchedules::Schedules(SchedulesLock);
 
   event = NULL;
-  instantId = NULL;
   fileName = NULL;
   recorder = NULL;
   device = Device;
@@ -3802,7 +3771,7 @@ cRecordControl::cRecordControl(cDevice *Device, cTimer *Timer, bool Pause)
      timer = new cTimer(true, Pause);
      Timers.Add(timer);
      Timers.SetModified();
-     asprintf(&instantId, cDevice::NumDevices() > 1 ? "%s - %d" : "%s", timer->Channel()->Name(), device->CardIndex() + 1);
+     instantId = cString::sprintf(cDevice::NumDevices() > 1 ? "%s - %d" : "%s", timer->Channel()->Name(), device->CardIndex() + 1);
      }
   timer->SetPending(true);
   timer->SetRecording(true);
@@ -3857,7 +3826,6 @@ cRecordControl::cRecordControl(cDevice *Device, cTimer *Timer, bool Pause)
 cRecordControl::~cRecordControl()
 {
   Stop();
-  free(instantId);
   free(fileName);
 }
 
diff --git a/menu.h b/menu.h
index 1df1c353..1d478d9b 100644
--- a/menu.h
+++ b/menu.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: menu.h 1.90 2008/02/10 11:34:43 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: menu.h 1.91 2008/02/10 16:01:53 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #ifndef __MENU_H
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ private:
   cTimer *timer;
   cRecorder *recorder;
   const cEvent *event;
-  char *instantId;
+  cString instantId;
   char *fileName;
   bool GetEvent(void);
 public:
diff --git a/menuitems.c b/menuitems.c
index 44c9f892..4aba66c6 100644
--- a/menuitems.c
+++ b/menuitems.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: menuitems.c 1.57 2008/02/08 13:48:31 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: menuitems.c 1.58 2008/02/10 16:03:30 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "menuitems.h"
@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@ cMenuEditItem::~cMenuEditItem()
 
 void cMenuEditItem::SetValue(const char *Value)
 {
-  char *buffer = NULL;
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%s:\t%s", name, Value);
-  SetText(buffer, false);
+  cString buffer = cString::sprintf("%s:\t%s", name, Value);
+  SetText(buffer);
   cStatus::MsgOsdCurrentItem(buffer);
 }
 
diff --git a/plugin.c b/plugin.c
index a39453cd..9193125e 100644
--- a/plugin.c
+++ b/plugin.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: plugin.c 1.26 2007/08/05 12:48:50 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: plugin.c 1.27 2008/02/10 16:05:46 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "plugin.h"
@@ -142,11 +142,10 @@ void cPlugin::SetConfigDirectory(const char *Dir)
 
 const char *cPlugin::ConfigDirectory(const char *PluginName)
 {
-  static char *buffer = NULL;
+  static cString buffer;
   if (!cThread::IsMainThread())
      esyslog("ERROR: plugin '%s' called cPlugin::ConfigDirectory(), which is not thread safe!", PluginName ? PluginName : "<no name given>");
-  free(buffer);
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%s/plugins%s%s", configDirectory, PluginName ? "/" : "", PluginName ? PluginName : "");
+  buffer = cString::sprintf("%s/plugins%s%s", configDirectory, PluginName ? "/" : "", PluginName ? PluginName : "");
   return MakeDirs(buffer, true) ? buffer : NULL;
 }
 
@@ -317,10 +316,7 @@ void cPluginManager::AddPlugin(const char *Args)
   char *p = strchr(s, ' ');
   if (p)
      *p = 0;
-  char *buffer = NULL;
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%s/%s%s%s%s", directory, LIBVDR_PREFIX, s, SO_INDICATOR, APIVERSION);
-  dlls.Add(new cDll(buffer, Args));
-  free(buffer);
+  dlls.Add(new cDll(cString::sprintf("%s/%s%s%s%s", directory, LIBVDR_PREFIX, s, SO_INDICATOR, APIVERSION), Args));
   free(s);
 }
 
diff --git a/recording.c b/recording.c
index e4e2be6a..096e0f85 100644
--- a/recording.c
+++ b/recording.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: recording.c 1.158 2008/02/10 12:52:14 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: recording.c 1.159 2008/02/10 21:57:09 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "recording.h"
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ bool cRecordingInfo::Read(FILE *f)
                          char *p = strchr(t, ' ');
                          if (p) {
                             free(channelName);
-                            asprintf(&channelName, "%s", compactspace(p));
+                            channelName = strdup(compactspace(p));
                             *p = 0; // strips optional channel name
                             }
                          if (*t)
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ cRecording::cRecording(cTimer *Timer, const cEvent *Event)
   else if (Timer->IsSingleEvent() || !Setup.UseSubtitle)
      name = strdup(Timer->File());
   else
-     asprintf(&name, "%s~%s", Timer->File(), Subtitle);
+     name = strdup(cString::sprintf("%s~%s", Timer->File(), Subtitle));
   // substitute characters that would cause problems in file names:
   strreplace(name, '\n', ' ');
   start = Timer->StartTime();
@@ -566,22 +566,19 @@ cRecording::cRecording(const char *FileName)
         }
      GetResume();
      // read an optional info file:
-     char *InfoFileName = NULL;
-     asprintf(&InfoFileName, "%s%s", fileName, INFOFILESUFFIX);
+     cString InfoFileName = cString::sprintf("%s%s", fileName, INFOFILESUFFIX);
      FILE *f = fopen(InfoFileName, "r");
      if (f) {
         if (!info->Read(f))
-           esyslog("ERROR: EPG data problem in file %s", InfoFileName);
+           esyslog("ERROR: EPG data problem in file %s", *InfoFileName);
         fclose(f);
         }
      else if (errno != ENOENT)
-        LOG_ERROR_STR(InfoFileName);
-     free(InfoFileName);
+        LOG_ERROR_STR(*InfoFileName);
 #ifdef SUMMARYFALLBACK
      // fall back to the old 'summary.vdr' if there was no 'info.vdr':
      if (isempty(info->Title())) {
-        char *SummaryFileName = NULL;
-        asprintf(&SummaryFileName, "%s%s", fileName, SUMMARYFILESUFFIX);
+        cString SummaryFileName = cString::sprintf("%s%s", fileName, SUMMARYFILESUFFIX);
         FILE *f = fopen(SummaryFileName, "r");
         if (f) {
            int line = 0;
@@ -627,8 +624,7 @@ cRecording::cRecording(const char *FileName)
                free(data[i]);
            }
         else if (errno != ENOENT)
-           LOG_ERROR_STR(SummaryFileName);
-        free(SummaryFileName);
+           LOG_ERROR_STR(*SummaryFileName);
         }
 #endif
      }
@@ -697,7 +693,7 @@ const char *cRecording::FileName(void) const
      struct tm tm_r;
      struct tm *t = localtime_r(&start, &tm_r);
      name = ExchangeChars(name, true);
-     asprintf(&fileName, NAMEFORMAT, VideoDirectory, name, t->tm_year + 1900, t->tm_mon + 1, t->tm_mday, t->tm_hour, t->tm_min, priority, lifetime);
+     fileName = strdup(cString::sprintf(NAMEFORMAT, VideoDirectory, name, t->tm_year + 1900, t->tm_mon + 1, t->tm_mday, t->tm_hour, t->tm_min, priority, lifetime));
      name = ExchangeChars(name, false);
      }
   return fileName;
@@ -716,7 +712,7 @@ const char *cRecording::Title(char Delimiter, bool NewIndicator, int Level) cons
         s++;
      else
         s = name;
-     asprintf(&titleBuffer, "%02d.%02d.%02d%c%02d:%02d%c%c%s",
+     titleBuffer = strdup(cString::sprintf("%02d.%02d.%02d%c%02d:%02d%c%c%s",
                             t->tm_mday,
                             t->tm_mon + 1,
                             t->tm_year % 100,
@@ -725,7 +721,7 @@ const char *cRecording::Title(char Delimiter, bool NewIndicator, int Level) cons
                             t->tm_min,
                             New,
                             Delimiter,
-                            s);
+                            s));
      // let's not display a trailing '~':
      if (!NewIndicator)
         stripspace(titleBuffer);
@@ -785,16 +781,14 @@ bool cRecording::IsEdited(void) const
 
 bool cRecording::WriteInfo(void)
 {
-  char *InfoFileName = NULL;
-  asprintf(&InfoFileName, "%s%s", fileName, INFOFILESUFFIX);
+  cString InfoFileName = cString::sprintf("%s%s", fileName, INFOFILESUFFIX);
   FILE *f = fopen(InfoFileName, "w");
   if (f) {
      info->Write(f);
      fclose(f);
      }
   else
-     LOG_ERROR_STR(InfoFileName);
-  free(InfoFileName);
+     LOG_ERROR_STR(*InfoFileName);
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -911,8 +905,7 @@ void cRecordings::ScanVideoDir(const char *DirName, bool Foreground, int LinkLev
   struct dirent *e;
   while ((Foreground || Running()) && (e = d.Next()) != NULL) {
         if (strcmp(e->d_name, ".") && strcmp(e->d_name, "..")) {
-           char *buffer;
-           asprintf(&buffer, "%s/%s", DirName, e->d_name);
+           char *buffer = strdup(AddDirectory(DirName, e->d_name));
            struct stat st;
            if (stat(buffer, &st) == 0) {
               int Link = 0;
@@ -1071,9 +1064,7 @@ cMark::~cMark()
 
 cString cMark::ToText(void)
 {
-  char *buffer;
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%s%s%s\n", *IndexToHMSF(position, true), comment ? " " : "", comment ? comment : "");
-  return cString(buffer, true);
+  return cString::sprintf("%s%s%s\n", *IndexToHMSF(position, true), comment ? " " : "", comment ? comment : "");
 }
 
 bool cMark::Parse(const char *s)
@@ -1162,11 +1153,9 @@ const char *cRecordingUserCommand::command = NULL;
 void cRecordingUserCommand::InvokeCommand(const char *State, const char *RecordingFileName)
 {
   if (command) {
-     char *cmd;
-     asprintf(&cmd, "%s %s \"%s\"", command, State, *strescape(RecordingFileName, "\"$"));
-     isyslog("executing '%s'", cmd);
+     cString cmd = cString::sprintf("%s %s \"%s\"", command, State, *strescape(RecordingFileName, "\"$"));
+     isyslog("executing '%s'", *cmd);
      SystemExec(cmd);
-     free(cmd);
      }
 }
 
diff --git a/skinclassic.c b/skinclassic.c
index 13a6c896..877ef60d 100644
--- a/skinclassic.c
+++ b/skinclassic.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: skinclassic.c 1.20 2008/02/10 10:01:13 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: skinclassic.c 1.21 2008/02/10 16:18:25 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "skinclassic.h"
@@ -324,12 +324,10 @@ void cSkinClassicDisplayMenu::SetEvent(const cEvent *Event)
   snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%s  %s - %s", *Event->GetDateString(), *Event->GetTimeString(), *Event->GetEndTimeString());
   ts.Set(osd, xl, y, x1 - xl, y3 - y, t, font, Theme.Color(clrMenuEventTime), Theme.Color(clrBackground));
   if (Event->Vps() && Event->Vps() != Event->StartTime()) {
-     char *buffer;
-     asprintf(&buffer, " VPS: %s ", *Event->GetVpsString());
+     cString buffer = cString::sprintf(" VPS: %s ", *Event->GetVpsString());
      const cFont *font = cFont::GetFont(fontSml);
      int w = font->Width(buffer);
      osd->DrawText(x1 - w, y, buffer, Theme.Color(clrMenuEventVpsFg), Theme.Color(clrMenuEventVpsBg), font, w);
-     free(buffer);
      }
   y += ts.Height();
   y += font->Height();
diff --git a/skinsttng.c b/skinsttng.c
index 54638864..c03c9a72 100644
--- a/skinsttng.c
+++ b/skinsttng.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: skinsttng.c 1.22 2008/02/10 10:05:40 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: skinsttng.c 1.23 2008/02/10 16:18:55 kls Exp $
  */
 
 // Star Trek: The Next Generation® is a registered trademark of Paramount Pictures
@@ -570,15 +570,13 @@ void cSkinSTTNGDisplayMenu::SetEvent(const cEvent *Event)
   snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%s  %s - %s", *Event->GetDateString(), *Event->GetTimeString(), *Event->GetEndTimeString());
   ts.Set(osd, xl, y, x4 - xl, y4 - y, t, font, Theme.Color(clrMenuEventTime), Theme.Color(clrBackground));
   if (Event->Vps() && Event->Vps() != Event->StartTime()) {
-     char *buffer;
-     asprintf(&buffer, " VPS: %s ", *Event->GetVpsString());
+     cString buffer = cString::sprintf(" VPS: %s ", *Event->GetVpsString());
      const cFont *font = cFont::GetFont(fontSml);
      int w = font->Width(buffer);
      osd->DrawText(x4 - w, y, buffer, Theme.Color(clrMenuEventVps), frameColor, font, w);
      int yb = y + font->Height();
      osd->DrawRectangle(x5, y, x6 - 1, yb - 1, frameColor);
      osd->DrawEllipse  (x6, y, x7 - 1, yb - 1, frameColor, 5);
-     free(buffer);
      }
   y += ts.Height();
   y += font->Height();
diff --git a/svdrp.c b/svdrp.c
index bce0ec4f..c6e64f87 100644
--- a/svdrp.c
+++ b/svdrp.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * and interact with the Video Disk Recorder - or write a full featured
  * graphical interface that sits on top of an SVDRP connection.
  *
- * $Id: svdrp.c 1.106 2008/02/10 13:37:18 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: svdrp.c 1.107 2008/02/15 14:48:59 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "svdrp.h"
@@ -423,8 +423,8 @@ void cSVDRP::Reply(int Code, const char *fmt, ...)
      if (Code != 0) {
         va_list ap;
         va_start(ap, fmt);
-        char *buffer;
-        vasprintf(&buffer, fmt, ap);
+        cString buffer = cString::sprintf(fmt, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
         const char *s = buffer;
         while (s && *s) {
               const char *n = strchr(s, '\n');
@@ -437,8 +437,6 @@ void cSVDRP::Reply(int Code, const char *fmt, ...)
                  break;
               s = n ? n + 1 : NULL;
               }
-        free(buffer);
-        va_end(ap);
         }
      else {
         Reply(451, "Zero return code - looks like a programming error!");
@@ -730,7 +728,7 @@ void cSVDRP::CmdEDIT(const char *Option)
 
 void cSVDRP::CmdGRAB(const char *Option)
 {
-  char *FileName = NULL;
+  const char *FileName = NULL;
   bool Jpeg = true;
   int Quality = -1, SizeX = -1, SizeY = -1;
   if (*Option) {
@@ -799,10 +797,10 @@ void cSVDRP::CmdGRAB(const char *Option)
      char RealFileName[PATH_MAX];
      if (FileName) {
         if (grabImageDir) {
-           char *s = 0;
+           cString s;
            char *slash = strrchr(FileName, '/');
            if (!slash) {
-              asprintf(&s, "%s/%s", grabImageDir, FileName);
+              s = AddDirectory(grabImageDir, FileName);
               FileName = s;
               }
            slash = strrchr(FileName, '/'); // there definitely is one
@@ -812,12 +810,10 @@ void cSVDRP::CmdGRAB(const char *Option)
            if (!r) {
               LOG_ERROR_STR(FileName);
               Reply(501, "Invalid file name \"%s\"", FileName);
-              free(s);
               return;
               }
            strcat(RealFileName, slash);
            FileName = RealFileName;
-           free(s);
            if (strncmp(FileName, grabImageDir, strlen(grabImageDir)) != 0) {
               Reply(501, "Invalid file name \"%s\"", FileName);
               return;
diff --git a/themes.c b/themes.c
index 21294c38..e6ee87e3 100644
--- a/themes.c
+++ b/themes.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: themes.c 1.7 2007/08/05 14:11:35 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: themes.c 1.8 2008/02/10 16:25:00 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "themes.h"
@@ -285,18 +285,14 @@ void cThemes::SetThemesDirectory(const char *ThemesDirectory)
 
 void cThemes::Load(const char *SkinName, const char *ThemeName, cTheme *Theme)
 {
-  char *FileName = NULL;
-  asprintf(&FileName, "%s/%s-%s.theme", themesDirectory, SkinName, ThemeName);
+  cString FileName = cString::sprintf("%s/%s-%s.theme", themesDirectory, SkinName, ThemeName);
   if (access(FileName, F_OK) == 0) // the file exists
      Theme->Load(FileName);
-  free(FileName);
 }
 
 void cThemes::Save(const char *SkinName, cTheme *Theme)
 {
-  char *FileName = NULL;
-  asprintf(&FileName, "%s/%s-%s.theme", themesDirectory, SkinName, Theme->Name());
+  cString FileName = cString::sprintf("%s/%s-%s.theme", themesDirectory, SkinName, Theme->Name());
   if (access(FileName, F_OK) != 0) // the file does not exist
      Theme->Save(FileName);
-  free(FileName);
 }
diff --git a/thread.c b/thread.c
index 95831242..2d84918d 100644
--- a/thread.c
+++ b/thread.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: thread.c 1.63 2007/10/19 14:30:13 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: thread.c 1.64 2008/02/15 14:17:42 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "thread.h"
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ void cThread::SetDescription(const char *Description, ...)
   if (Description) {
      va_list ap;
      va_start(ap, Description);
-     vasprintf(&description, Description, ap);
+     description = strdup(cString::sprintf(Description, ap));
      va_end(ap);
      }
 }
diff --git a/timers.c b/timers.c
index 3994641d..a0e0da0e 100644
--- a/timers.c
+++ b/timers.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: timers.c 1.70 2008/02/10 14:05:49 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: timers.c 1.71 2008/02/10 16:26:25 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "timers.h"
@@ -135,18 +135,15 @@ int cTimer::Compare(const cListObject &ListObject) const
 
 cString cTimer::ToText(bool UseChannelID)
 {
-  char *buffer;
   strreplace(file, ':', '|');
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%u:%s:%s:%04d:%04d:%d:%d:%s:%s\n", flags, UseChannelID ? *Channel()->GetChannelID().ToString() : *itoa(Channel()->Number()), *PrintDay(day, weekdays, true), start, stop, priority, lifetime, file, aux ? aux : "");
+  cString buffer = cString::sprintf("%u:%s:%s:%04d:%04d:%d:%d:%s:%s\n", flags, UseChannelID ? *Channel()->GetChannelID().ToString() : *itoa(Channel()->Number()), *PrintDay(day, weekdays, true), start, stop, priority, lifetime, file, aux ? aux : "");
   strreplace(file, '|', ':');
-  return cString(buffer, true);
+  return buffer;
 }
 
 cString cTimer::ToDescr(void) const
 {
-  char *buffer;
-  asprintf(&buffer, "%d (%d %04d-%04d %s'%s')", Index() + 1, Channel()->Number(), start, stop, HasFlags(tfVps) ? "VPS " : "", file);
-  return cString(buffer, true);
+  return cString::sprintf("%d (%d %04d-%04d %s'%s')", Index() + 1, Channel()->Number(), start, stop, HasFlags(tfVps) ? "VPS " : "", file);
 }
 
 int cTimer::TimeToInt(int t)
diff --git a/tools.c b/tools.c
index 3ec66a2a..43f5bfad 100644
--- a/tools.c
+++ b/tools.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: tools.c 1.141 2008/02/10 12:40:36 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: tools.c 1.142 2008/02/15 14:45:05 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #include "tools.h"
@@ -267,9 +267,7 @@ bool isnumber(const char *s)
 
 cString AddDirectory(const char *DirName, const char *FileName)
 {
-  char *buf;
-  asprintf(&buf, "%s/%s", DirName && *DirName ? DirName : ".", FileName);
-  return cString(buf, true);
+  return cString::sprintf("%s/%s", DirName && *DirName ? DirName : ".", FileName);
 }
 
 cString itoa(int n)
@@ -352,15 +350,14 @@ bool RemoveFileOrDir(const char *FileName, bool FollowSymlinks)
            struct dirent *e;
            while ((e = d.Next()) != NULL) {
                  if (strcmp(e->d_name, ".") && strcmp(e->d_name, "..")) {
-                    char *buffer;
-                    asprintf(&buffer, "%s/%s", FileName, e->d_name);
+                    cString buffer = AddDirectory(FileName, e->d_name);
                     if (FollowSymlinks) {
                        int size = strlen(buffer) * 2; // should be large enough
                        char *l = MALLOC(char, size);
                        int n = readlink(buffer, l, size);
                        if (n < 0) {
                           if (errno != EINVAL)
-                             LOG_ERROR_STR(buffer);
+                             LOG_ERROR_STR(*buffer);
                           }
                        else if (n < size) {
                           l[n] = 0;
@@ -372,10 +369,9 @@ bool RemoveFileOrDir(const char *FileName, bool FollowSymlinks)
                           esyslog("ERROR: symlink name length (%d) exceeded anticipated buffer size (%d)", n, size);
                        free(l);
                        }
-                    dsyslog("removing %s", buffer);
+                    dsyslog("removing %s", *buffer);
                     if (remove(buffer) < 0)
-                       LOG_ERROR_STR(buffer);
-                    free(buffer);
+                       LOG_ERROR_STR(*buffer);
                     }
                  }
            }
@@ -405,8 +401,7 @@ bool RemoveEmptyDirectories(const char *DirName, bool RemoveThis)
      struct dirent *e;
      while ((e = d.Next()) != NULL) {
            if (strcmp(e->d_name, ".") && strcmp(e->d_name, "..") && strcmp(e->d_name, "lost+found")) {
-              char *buffer;
-              asprintf(&buffer, "%s/%s", DirName, e->d_name);
+              cString buffer = AddDirectory(DirName, e->d_name);
               struct stat st;
               if (stat(buffer, &st) == 0) {
                  if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
@@ -417,10 +412,9 @@ bool RemoveEmptyDirectories(const char *DirName, bool RemoveThis)
                     empty = false;
                  }
               else {
-                 LOG_ERROR_STR(buffer);
+                 LOG_ERROR_STR(*buffer);
                  empty = false;
                  }
-              free(buffer);
               }
            }
      if (RemoveThis && empty) {
@@ -445,8 +439,7 @@ int DirSizeMB(const char *DirName)
      struct dirent *e;
      while (size >= 0 && (e = d.Next()) != NULL) {
            if (strcmp(e->d_name, ".") && strcmp(e->d_name, "..")) {
-              char *buffer;
-              asprintf(&buffer, "%s/%s", DirName, e->d_name);
+              cString buffer = AddDirectory(DirName, e->d_name);
               struct stat st;
               if (stat(buffer, &st) == 0) {
                  if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
@@ -460,10 +453,9 @@ int DirSizeMB(const char *DirName)
                     size += st.st_size / MEGABYTE(1);
                  }
               else {
-                 LOG_ERROR_STR(buffer);
+                 LOG_ERROR_STR(*buffer);
                  size = -1;
                  }
-              free(buffer);
               }
            }
      return size;
@@ -489,13 +481,12 @@ char *ReadLink(const char *FileName)
 
 bool SpinUpDisk(const char *FileName)
 {
-  char *buf = NULL;
   for (int n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
-      free(buf);
+      cString buf;
       if (DirectoryOk(FileName))
-         asprintf(&buf, "%s/vdr-%06d", *FileName ? FileName : ".", n);
+         buf = cString::sprintf("%s/vdr-%06d", *FileName ? FileName : ".", n);
       else
-         asprintf(&buf, "%s.vdr-%06d", FileName, n);
+         buf = cString::sprintf("%s.vdr-%06d", FileName, n);
       if (access(buf, F_OK) != 0) { // the file does not exist
          timeval tp1, tp2;
          gettimeofday(&tp1, NULL);
@@ -503,21 +494,19 @@ bool SpinUpDisk(const char *FileName)
          // O_SYNC doesn't work on all file systems
          if (f >= 0) {
             if (fdatasync(f) < 0)
-               LOG_ERROR_STR(buf);
+               LOG_ERROR_STR(*buf);
             close(f);
             remove(buf);
             gettimeofday(&tp2, NULL);
             double seconds = (((long long)tp2.tv_sec * 1000000 + tp2.tv_usec) - ((long long)tp1.tv_sec * 1000000 + tp1.tv_usec)) / 1000000.0;
             if (seconds > 0.5)
                dsyslog("SpinUpDisk took %.2f seconds", seconds);
-            free(buf);
             return true;
             }
          else
-            LOG_ERROR_STR(buf);
+            LOG_ERROR_STR(*buf);
          }
       }
-  free(buf);
   esyslog("ERROR: SpinUpDisk failed");
   return false;
 }
@@ -888,7 +877,21 @@ cString cString::sprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
   va_list ap;
   va_start(ap, fmt);
   char *buffer;
-  vasprintf(&buffer, fmt, ap);
+  if (!fmt || vasprintf(&buffer, fmt, ap) < 0) {
+     esyslog("error in vasprintf('%s', ...)", fmt);
+     buffer = strdup("???");
+     }
+  va_end(ap);
+  return cString(buffer, true);
+}
+
+cString cString::sprintf(const char *fmt, va_list &ap)
+{
+  char *buffer;
+  if (!fmt || vasprintf(&buffer, fmt, ap) < 0) {
+     esyslog("error in vasprintf('%s', ...)", fmt);
+     buffer = strdup("???");
+     }
   return cString(buffer, true);
 }
 
@@ -1622,7 +1625,7 @@ cLockFile::cLockFile(const char *Directory)
   fileName = NULL;
   f = -1;
   if (DirectoryOk(Directory))
-     asprintf(&fileName, "%s/%s", Directory, LOCKFILENAME);
+     fileName = strdup(AddDirectory(Directory, LOCKFILENAME));
 }
 
 cLockFile::~cLockFile()
diff --git a/tools.h b/tools.h
index 3c804b52..dd93ef02 100644
--- a/tools.h
+++ b/tools.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * See the main source file 'vdr.c' for copyright information and
  * how to reach the author.
  *
- * $Id: tools.h 1.110 2008/01/13 11:22:26 kls Exp $
+ * $Id: tools.h 1.111 2008/02/15 14:10:11 kls Exp $
  */
 
 #ifndef __TOOLS_H
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ public:
   cString &operator=(const cString &String);
   cString &Truncate(int Index); ///< Truncate the string at the given Index (if Index is < 0 it is counted from the end of the string).
   static cString sprintf(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+  static cString sprintf(const char *fmt, va_list &ap);
   };
 
 ssize_t safe_read(int filedes, void *buffer, size_t size);